On  August 20, 1921, Kouan Nakagawa, the dean of Taichung Hospital of Formosa, sent a letter to a French parasitologist Émile Brumpt. In this letter, the sender K. Nakagawa would like to express his gratitude to Mr Brumpt's sharing of specimen. Although it is widely acknowledged that the studies of relationship between colonialism, medicine and empire have gained significant growth over the past thirty years, it is difficult to discuss this submerged archive of the Pasteur Institute in Paris by the existing research framework, studies within a single country, of colonial medicine. Nevertheless it urges us to reconsider colonial medicine and to realize that there  is a need to extend the analytical category of colonial medicine. 

This paper examines, by drawing on the concept of “microbial unification of the world”(Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie)¹, how international character of hygienic movement in the Nineteenth century Europe incorporate Taiwan and Vietnam into its vision. And, on the other hand, this paper will explore a “connected history” of colonial medicine in Taiwan and in Vietnam, emphasizing the importance of going beyond the national compartmentalization of historical research. By expand our horizons of reflection, the author believes that  the comparative study of colonial medicine of the first colony of Japanese empire and  the first territory under French colonial rule in Asia  will provide the opportunities of inserting Taiwan studies to the making of globalized social sciences and humanities.